Stabilization of human aquaporin 10 for structural determination (#133)
The function of integral membrane protein is crucial for many important
biological processes in the cell. These proteins serve as sensors for changes
in the extracellular milieu and are involved in signal transduction through the
membrane. They also function as channels by controlling or facilitating the
transport of ions, water and other substances in or out of the cell. Membrane
proteins are often targets for drug development because of their central role
in the cells and information about their three dimensional structure is a very
important tool for understanding their function in different biological
processes at a molecular level.
Aquaporins are passive channels that are found in
biological membranes in all organisms. They have highly conserved domains and
are important for the survival of the cell under osmotic stress by controlling
water or glycerol transport. Genetic defects in the aquaporin genes are involved
in diseases such as diabetes insipidus, obesity and cataracts among others.
Human aquaporin 10 (hAQP10) is one of the most recent identified members of the
human aquaporin family of proteins of which there are 13 proteins in total.
hAQP10 is defined as an aquaglyceroporin found in the small intestine where it
may be involved in the absorption of water and small nutrients. Recent studies
indicate that hAQP10 is also expressed in the skin, where it might be involved
in the hydration and elasticity of the skin and hence has a role in eczema. As compared
to many other aquaporins, hAQP10 is relatively uncharacterized and there is no
known three-dimensional structure of this interesting target, neither of any
other human aquaglyceroporin, in the databases. Specific aims are to determine
the X-ray structure of hAQP10 using a novel approach for stabilization of
aquaglyceroporins applying random mutagenesis. The ultimate goal is to find mutants
resulting in functional protein with increased stability in detergents
amendable for membrane protein crystallization.